definition includes more terms. And in general it makes no difference whether it includes many or few terms,-nor, therefore, whether it includes few or simply two; and of the two the one is differentia and the other genus; e.g. in ‘two-footed animal’ ‘animal’ is genus, and the other is differentia.
If then the genus absolutely does not exist apart from the species-of-a-genus, or if it exists but exists as matter (for the voice is genus and matter,Peuterey Hurricane Wd Homme Pas cher, but its differentiae make the species, i.e. the letters, out of it), clearly the definition is the formula which comprises the differentiae.
But it is also necessary that the division be by the differentia of the diferentia; e.g. ‘endowed with feet’ is a differentia of ‘animal’; again the differentia of ‘animal endowed with feet’ must be of it qua endowed with feet. Therefore we must not say, if we are to speak rightly, that of that which is endowed with feet one part has feathers and one is featherless (if we do this we do it through incapacity); we must divide it only into cloven-footed and not cloven; for these are differentiae in the foot; cloven-footedness is a form of footedness. And the process wants always to go on so till it reaches the species that contain no differences. And then there will be as many kinds of foot as there are differentiae, and the kinds of animals endowed with feet will be equal in number to the differentiae. If then this is so, clearly the last differentia will be the substance of the thing and its definition,Goedkope Valencia Voetbalshirts, since it is not right to state the same things more than once in our definitions; for it is superfluous. And this does happen; for when we say ‘animal endowed with feet and two-footed’ we have said nothing other than ‘animal having feet, having two feet’; and if we divide this by the proper division,Goedkope Mexico Voetbalshirts, we shall be saying the same thing more than once-as many times as there are differentiae.
If then a differentia of a differentia be taken at each step, one differentia-the last-will be the form and the substance; but if we divide according to accidental qualities, e.g. if we were to divide that which is endowed with feet into the white and the black, there will be as many differentiae as there are cuts. Therefore it is plain that the definition is the formula which contains the differentiae,Goedkope Inter Milan Voetbalshirts, or,Doudoune Moncler Enfant Pas cher, according to the right method,Camisetas Mexico Baratas, the last of these. This would be evident,Maglia Borussia Dortmund, if we were to change the order of such definitions,Montblanc Bohème Stylos Pas cher, e.g. of that of man,Goedkope Bayer 04 Leverkusen Voetbalshirts, saying ‘animal which is two-footed and endowed with feet’; for ‘endowed with feet’ is superfluous when ‘two-footed’ has been said. But there is no order in the substance; for how are we to think the one element posterior and the other prior? Regarding the definitions, then, which are reached by the method of divisions, let this suffice as our first attempt at stating their nature.
Book VII Chapter 13
Let us return to the subject of our inquiry, which is substance. As the substratum and the essence and the compound of these are called substance, so also is tlinks:
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