duty of benevolence, not of veracity, that is to say, not the duty which required to be proved, but a different one. Now, if, in giving a variety of proof for one and the same theorem, we flatter ourselves that the multitude of reasons will compensate the lack of weight in each taken separately, this is a very unphilosophical resource, since it betrays trickery and Classic Tall Metallic 5812 dishonesty; for several insufficient proofs placed beside one another do not produce certainty, nor even probability. They should advance as Bill Barber Jersey reason and consequence in a series, up to the sufficient reason, and it is only in this way that they can have the Timberland Miehet Roll-Top Boots force of proof. Yet the former is the usual device of the rhetorician.
Secondly. The difference between virtue and vice cannot be sought in the degree in which certain maxims are followed, but only in the Nike Air Yezzy Męskie specific quality of the maxims (their relation to the law). In other words, the vaunted principle of Aristotle, that virtue is the mean between two vices, is false.* For instance, suppose that good management is given as the mean between two vices, prodigality and avarice; then its origin as a virtue can neither be defined as the gradual diminution of the former vice (by saving), nor as the increase of the expenses of the miserly. These vices, in fact, cannot Belstaff Knockhill Kurtki be viewed as if they, proceeding as it were in opposite directions, met together in good management; but each of them has its own maxim, which necessarily contradicts that of the other.
* The common classical formulae of ethics- medio tutissimus ibis; omne mimium vertitur in vitium; est modus in rebus, etc., medium tenuere beati; virtus est medium vitiorum Jiri Hudler Jersey et utrinque reductum["You will go most safely in the middle" (Virgil); "Every excess develops into a vice"; "There is a mean Ultimate Tall Czyścibut 5340 in all things, etc." (Horace); "Happy they who steadily pursue Nike Air Max 180 Konur Skór a middle course"; Miehet Parajumpers Harraseeket "Virtue is the mean Jonathan Quick Jersey between two vices and equally removed from either" (Horace).]- contain a poor sort of wisdom, which has no definite Kevin Shattenkirk Jersey principles; for this mean between two extremes, who will assign it for me? Avarice (as a vice) is not distinguished from frugality (as a virtue) by merely being the lat pushed too far; but has a quite different principle; (maxim), namely placing the end of economy not in the enjoyment of one's means, but in the mere possession of them, renouncing enjoyment; just as the vice of prodigality is not to be sought in the excessive enjoyment of one's means, but in the bad maxim which makes the use of them, without regard to their maintenance, the sole end.
For the same reason, no vice can be defined as an excess in the practice of certain actions beyond what is proper (e.g., Prodigalitas est excessus in consumendis opibus); or, as a less exercise of them than is fitting (Avaritia est defectus, etc.). For since in this way the degree is left quite undefined, Dustin Byfuglien Jersey and the question whether conduct accords with duty or not, turns wholly on this, such an account is of no use as a definition.
Thirdly. Ethical virtue must not be estimated by the power we attribute to links:
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